New Technology 2

Hello, thank you for watching my blog. I’m afraid that this article is the end of this blog.

Last week, I show you the quantum computer. I will show you “cloud computing” in this week.

Cloud means cloud (kumo, in Japanese) and expresses computer network (Internet). Conventionally, a network is expressed with the figure of clouds in the image figure of computer systems in many cases, and it is called origin. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing as the following. ”Cloud computing is one of the model which can access to a common poor of computing resource which can construct a network, a server, storages, applications, and services. And it is quickly provided by the minimum management labor or the mutual operation between service providers, and you can use it. While conventional using computer is that the users maintain and manage their own hardware, software, and dates, Cloud computing is that the users are given services beyond the Internet and pay a fee. The users should have only minimum connection environment. Network between computers, actually carry out the processing, is installed in the company which provides service. 

Cloud computing is often classified the following three kinds, SaaS, PaaS, and HaaS or IaaS.

SaaS : SaaS is providing software packages go through to Internet. (For example, E-mail, groupware, CRM etc…) There are “Salesforce CRM”, “Microsoft Online Services”, and “Google Apps”.

Paas : PaaS is providing the platform for carrying out applications. It is the application server and database which were virtualized. A user can arrange and use own  applications. There are “Google App Engine”, “App Scale”, “Windows Azure”, “Amazon S3”, “Amazon Dynamo DB”, and “Amazon Simple DB”.

HaaS and IaaS : HaaS and IaaS are providing the infrastructure and hardware go through to the Internet. It is server virtualization, desktop virtualization, a shared disk, etc. A user can introduce and construct the system including operating system. There is “Amazon EC2”.

The services provided the form of cloud computing are called “Cloud computing service” or simply “Cloud service” and the enterprise which provide the services is called “Cloud service provider” or simple “Cloud provider”.

The word, Cloud computing, appeared in 2006 by Eric Emerson Schmidt who is former CEO of Google. But the form which provides computer processing in the form of service by a network course exists before. It is time sharing system in 1960s, VAN in 1980s, ASP and SaaS in 1990s.

Advantages

Provider: low cost, low fee.

User: A user loses necessity of holding, designing and developing an own computer, the hardware and software, and equipment, and also performing maintenance and managing.

Problems

A network obstacle, Bankruptcy of provider

Cloud computing is developing now. It will change the form of Internet conveniently in the future.

New technology 1

Nowadays, the technology in the area of computes is developing. In many technologies, a most hot new technology is a quantum computer now. And many companies, in particular small and medium-sized enterprises, pay attention to “cloud computing.” At first, I show a quantum computer to you.

A quantum computer is a new generation computer which realizes parallelism using quantum mechanical superposition. An electronic computer has number of 0 or 1 by a bit, but quantum computer can maintain optional rate of 0 and 1 by a bit thanks to quantum bit. If there is a quantum computer has n-quantum bit, it can calculate 2^n states. And if will realize a quantum computer has thousands quantum bit, it can calculate the problem for tens seconds which the modern fastest super computer cannot solve for thousands years. However, the quantum computer is superior to the modern computer in all the points. While the modern computer is general-purpose computer which can perform any calculations, researchers think that the quantum computer is the special-purpose computer which processes a specific algorithm at high speed.

The history of quantum computer

In 1980s

In 1980s, Paul Benioff proved that quantum computer can calculate without consuming energy in a quantum system. In 1982, Richard Phillips Feynman (U.S., Physicist) guessed also that quantum calculation is exponentially efective for classic calculation. In 1985, David Deutsch (U.K., Physicist) defined quantum turing machine which is origin of quantum calculating machine, and designed quantum circuit in 1989.

In 1990s

David Deutsch and Richard Jozsa thought up “Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm” in 1992. In the next year, Umesh Vazirani and Ethan Bernstein who is his student thought up omnipotent quantum turing machine and quantum fourier transform algorithm. In 1994, Peter Shor (U.S., Computer scientist) designed practical algorithm, “Shor algorithm.” Shor algorithm promoted research of quantum computer. It is based on quantum fourier transform algorithm and Simon’s research. Shor algorithm, which is an algorithm peculiar to a quantum computing machine, can perform the factorization in very short time which cannot be solved in realistic time by a classic computer. Since if practical quantum computing machine is realized, the safety of RSA code using the difficulty of factorization into prime factors will collapse. In 1998, QCL (Quantum Computation Language) which is the programming language for quantum computer was announced.

In 2000s

The quantum computer’s hardware development had big progress. In 2008, David Jeffrey Wineland (U.K., expert in ion trap) proved that each ion iced by laser can be caught. And research of the ion trap type quantum computer which manipulate each ion in quantum entanglement state progressed.

The quantum computer is investigated in the world now. If the practical quantum computer is realized, many problems will be solved and many researches will be progressed. I want to see it until I pass away.

The Smart Phone

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The smart phone is more popular among in particular young people these days. The mainstream form of cell phone is changing from Galapagos cell phone to smart phone. According to research by Impress R&D, the saturation level of smart phones is 39.9% in Japan, and increased 10% for last five month. I am also using a smart phone. I show you the advantage of smart phone.

A smart phone is a cell phone which is based on computer and has various functions. Smart phone has a lot of function such as connection of the Internet, reading PDF, Word and Excel, multi media player, camera, games, GPS, and Wi-Fi etc.

1.    Operating system

There are two mobile operating systems which spread in Japan. It is Android and iOS.
Android is the operating system which Google is developing. It is most common operating system in Japan. The smart phone which I am using adopt Android OS. iOS is the operating system which Apple is developing and the smart phone such as iPhone has.

And there are the other operating systems, for example, Black Berry, Bada, Symbian, and Windows Phone.

2. History

1996 and 1999 are important years for smart phone. In 1996, Nokia, which the maker in Finland now has the second largest share of cell phone in the world, announced “Nokia 9000 Communicator.” It was longwise straight type mobile phone and a device which realized set of cell phone and PDA. It is said that it is the origin of modern smart phone. In 1999, Research In Motion (RIM), which is the maker in Canada, put “Black Berry” into the market. It had better been called the pocket bell with a key board which can use an E-mail at the beginning of sale. Now it became the smart phone which has many functions such as push type E-mail, voice telephone call function, browsing the website on the Internet, and referring to Microsoft Office application file and PDF file.

3. Mainstream

Now, the mainstream of smart phone is Android smart phone and iPhone. iPhone is the smart phone which Apple put into the market in USA, 2007. iPhone was sold one million between the first three days of sale. Android smart phone is the smart phone which adopts Android operating system. Many companies such as Intel, HTC, Qualcomm, KDDI, and NTT DOCOMO develop and sell this type smart phone.